Introduction; meaning and objectives, types of financial analysis, devices used in analyzing financial statements: comparative statements, comparative balance sheet, comparative income statement.
Trend Analysis: Trend percentages: computation of trend percentages
Meaning and rationale, basis of comparison, types of ratios, importance and limitations .
Cash Flow Analysis:
Introduction, concept of cash, actual and notional, use of cash flow, construction of cash flow statement
Concept, factors affecting capital structure, Theories of Capital Structure: Net Income Theory, Net Operating Income Theory, Traditional Theory, Modigliani-Miller Theory, Modern theories of capital structure.
Financial and Operating Leverage – Introduction; Meaning of Financial Leverage; Measures of Financial Leverage; Calculation of Earnings Per Share (EPS) and Return on Equity (ROE); Financial and Operating Leverages
concepts, role and relevance, methods of capital budgeting.
Cost of Capital: concept add limitations, sources of capital, calculation of cost of capital of all sources, weighted average cost of capital
Meaning of standard cost and standard costing, advantage, limitations and applications, Variance Analysis-Material, Labour, Overhead and Sales Variance
• Financial Management – Khan and Jain(Tata McGraw Hill)
• Management Accounting – S. K. Singh( Sun India Publications)
• Business System - N.P. Agarwal and R.K. Tailor( RBSA Publishers)
• Management Accounting – S. N. Maheshawari(S. Chand & Sons.)