Corporate Funding and Listing in Stock Exchanges

Indian Equity- Public Funding: Securities and Exchange Board of India (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2009; Initial Public Offer (IPO)/ Further Public Offer (FPO); Preferential Allotment; Private Placement; Qualified Institutional Placement; Institutional Private Placement; Rights Issue; Fast Track Issue;

Listing–Indian Stock Exchanges:

Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements)  Regulations, 2015; Equity Listing (SME, ITP, Main);Debt Listing; Post listing disclosures.

Debt Funding – Indian Fund Based (Corporate Debt, Government Debt and Banking Finance):Debentures, Bonds; Masala Bonds; Bank Finance; Project Finance including machinery or equipment loan against property, Loan against shares; Working Capital Finance- Overdrafts, Cash Credits, Bill Discounting, Factoring etc. Islamic Banking.

Debt Funding – Indian Non fund Based: Letter of Credit; Bank Guarantee; Stand by Letter of Credit etc

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT);

Infrastructure Investment Trust.

Indian Equity- Private funding: Venture Capital; Alternative Investment Fund; Angel Funds; Seed Funding; Private Equity.

Indian equity- Non Fund based: Bonus issue; Sweat Equity, ESOP.

Foreign Funding - Instruments & Institutions: External Commercial Borrowing (ECB); American Depository Receipt (ADR)/ Global Depository Receipt (GDR); Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCB); Foreign Currency Exchangeable Bonds (FCEB); International Finance Corporation (IFC), Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Other Borrowings Tools: Inter-corporate Loans; Commercial Paper etc.; Deposits under Companies Act; Customer Advances/ Deposits.

International Listing: Applicability of Listing Regulations, Singapore Stock Exchange; Luxembourg Stock Exchange; NASDAQ- NGSM, NCM, NGM; London Stock Exchange- Main, AIM; U S Securities and Exchange Commission.

Non-Convertible Instruments- Non-Convertible Redeemable Preference Shares (NCRPs) etc.

Securitization

Preparing a Company for an IPO : Governance requirements thereafter, Appraising the Board and other functions in the organisations regarding the Post IPO/Listing Governance changes.

Documentation & Compliances.